Java Access Modifiers (public, private, protected, default)

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Java Access Modifiers: public, private, protected, default (With Examples)

✨ Quick Summary

In this post, you’ll learn what Access Modifiers are in Java and why they are used. We will cover public, private, protected, and default access modifiers with easy examples and a simple table.

Java OOP Access Modifiers

In our previous post, we learned about Packages in Java. Now, let’s learn another important topic that every Java developer must know: Access Modifiers.

1) What are Access Modifiers?

Access modifiers in Java are keywords used to control the visibility of:

  • Variables
  • Methods
  • Constructors
  • Classes

They decide who can access your class members.

2) Types of Access Modifiers in Java

Java has 4 access modifiers:

  • public
  • private
  • protected
  • default (no keyword)

3) Access Modifiers Table (Easy)

Modifier Same Class Same Package Subclass Other Package
public ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ✅ Yes
protected ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ❌ No
default ✅ Yes ✅ Yes ❌ No ❌ No
private ✅ Yes ❌ No ❌ No ❌ No

4) public Access Modifier

public means the class/member is accessible from anywhere. 


public class Demo {
    public int x = 10;

    public void show() {
        System.out.println("Public method");
    }
}

5) private Access Modifier

private means the variable/method is accessible only inside the same class. 


class Student {

    private int age = 22;

    private void showAge() {
        System.out.println("Age: " + age);
    }

    public void display() {
        showAge(); // allowed inside same class
    }
}

6) protected Access Modifier

protected means accessible inside the same package and also in subclasses. 


class Parent {
    protected void show() {
        System.out.println("Protected method");
    }
}

class Child extends Parent {
    void display() {
        show(); // allowed in subclass
    }
}

7) default Access Modifier

default access modifier means there is no keyword. It is accessible only inside the same package. 


class Demo {
    void show() {
        System.out.println("Default access method");
    }
}

Conclusion

Access modifiers are used to control who can access your classes, methods, and variables. They are very important for writing secure and professional Java code.

🔥 Next Post: Java Static Keyword (static variable, static method, static block)

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